光伏發(fā)電作為新能源發(fā)電的局限性主要有以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.氣候?qū)夥l(fā)電影響。采用光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電無蓄電池方案時(shí)，如果一個城市上空的氣候大幅變化，將造成電力負(fù)荷的大幅波動；當(dāng)一個城市上空的空氣質(zhì)量比如空氣污染， 或能見度變差比如霧天，陽天等都將使光伏發(fā)電在線或?qū)崟r(shí)出力下降。

2.地理位置，光伏發(fā)電設(shè)備基本上只能依附建筑物安裝建設(shè)，也就是所謂的光伏屋頂就地供電。如果離開建筑物來建設(shè)光伏發(fā)電,將會大大增加成本或者破壞環(huán)境和生態(tài)等都很大程度上影響光伏的發(fā)電量。

3.容量傳輸局限。在解決了光伏發(fā)電的成本問題后,大功率，高電壓，遠(yuǎn)距離從荒漠面積輸送電力到負(fù)荷中心，由于光伏發(fā)電沒有傳統(tǒng)電機(jī)的旋轉(zhuǎn)慣量，調(diào)速器及勵磁系統(tǒng)，將給交流電網(wǎng)帶來新的經(jīng)濟(jì)和穩(wěn)定問題。不論采用交流或是直流高電壓大功率遠(yuǎn)距離從荒漠地區(qū)輸送電力。

4.光能轉(zhuǎn)換效率偏低。和傳統(tǒng)能源（礦物能源，石油,水能，原子能，等）的轉(zhuǎn)換效率相比，光伏能量的轉(zhuǎn)換效率不能令人滿意。

5.晝夜交替。隨著太陽照射角度以及晝夜交替的影響, 其發(fā)電量也受影響。

相對這些局限性光伏發(fā)電同時(shí)具體獨(dú)特的優(yōu)越性：

1、太陽能儲能巨大無枯竭危險(xiǎn)。

2、安全可靠，無噪聲，無污染排放。

3、不受資源分布地域的限制，可利用建筑屋面的優(yōu)勢；例如無電地區(qū)，以及地形復(fù)雜地區(qū)。

4、無需消耗燃料和架設(shè)輸電線路即可就地發(fā)電供電。

5、能源質(zhì)量高。

6、使用者從感情上容易接受，美觀。

7、建設(shè)周期短，獲取能源花費(fèi)的時(shí)間短。

光伏發(fā)電在世界范圍內(nèi)受到高度重視，發(fā)展非常迅速。從遠(yuǎn)期看，光伏發(fā)電將以分散式電源進(jìn)入電力市場，并部分取代常規(guī)能源。光伏發(fā)電可以作為常規(guī)能源的補(bǔ)充，在解決特殊應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，如通信、信號電源，和邊遠(yuǎn)無電地區(qū)民用生活用電需求方面，從環(huán)境保護(hù)及能源戰(zhàn)略上都具有重大的意義。光伏發(fā)電的優(yōu)點(diǎn)充分體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：充分的清潔性；絕對的安全性。（并網(wǎng)電壓一般在220v以下）；相對的廣泛性；確實(shí)的長壽命和免維護(hù)性；初步的實(shí)用性；資源的充足性及潛在的經(jīng)濟(jì)性等。

根據(jù)我國光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)盟的有關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)資料顯示。我國光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)正以每年30%的速度增長。最近三年全球太陽能電池總產(chǎn)量平均年增長率高達(dá)49.8%以上。按照日本新能源計(jì)劃、歐盟可再生能源白皮書、美國光伏計(jì)劃等推算，2010年全球光伏發(fā)電并網(wǎng)裝機(jī)容量將達(dá)到15gw，至2030年全球光伏發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量將達(dá)到300gw，至2040年光伏發(fā)電將達(dá)到全球發(fā)電總量的15%-20%。按此計(jì)劃推算，2010-2040年，光伏行業(yè)的復(fù)合增長率將高達(dá)25%以上。其中并網(wǎng)應(yīng)用會有較大的發(fā)展，從而形成并網(wǎng)發(fā)電（約46%）、離網(wǎng)供電（約27%）和通訊機(jī)站（約21%） 3個主要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。

光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)是基于半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)和新能源需求而興起的朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)，是未來全球先進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭的制高點(diǎn)。近年來,全球光伏市場幾經(jīng)起落,總體呈現(xiàn)不斷向上發(fā)展趨勢。

所以你對這個行業(yè)有什么見解呢，歡迎大家前來評論！

The limitations of photovoltaic power generation as a new energy power generation mainly include the following:

1. The impact of climate on photovoltaic power generation. When adopting a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation without a storage battery, if the climate over a city changes significantly, it will cause a large fluctuation in the power load; When the air quality over a city such as air pollution, or poor visibility such as foggy days, sunny days, etc., will make the online or real-time output of photovoltaic power generation decrease.

2. Geographical location, photovoltaic power generation equipment can basically only be attached to the building installation and construction, that is, the so-called photovoltaic roof on-site power supply. If you leave the building to build photovoltaic power generation, it will greatly increase the cost or damage the environment and ecology, which will greatly affect the power generation of photovoltaics.

3. Capacity transmission limitations. After solving the cost problem of photovoltaic power generation, high power, high voltage, long-distance transmission of power from the desert area to the load center, because photovoltaic power generation does not have the rotational inertia of traditional motors, governors and excitation systems, will bring new economic and stability problems to the AC power grid. Whether AC or DC, high voltage and high power are used to transmit power from desert areas over long distances.

4. The light energy conversion efficiency is low. Compared with the conversion efficiency of traditional energy sources (fossil energy, oil, hydro, atomic energy, etc.), the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic energy is not satisfactory.

5. Day and night alternate. With the influence of the angle of sunlight and the cycle of day and night, its power generation is also affected.

Specific and unique advantages of photovoltaic power generation compared to these limitations:

1. Solar energy storage is huge and there is no danger of exhaustion.

2. Safe and reliable, no noise, no pollution discharge.

3. It is not limited by the distribution of resources, and can take advantage of the building roof; For example, areas without electricity, and areas with complex terrain.

4. On-site power generation and power supply can be generated without consuming fuel and erecting transmission lines.

5. High energy quality.

6. Users are emotionally easy to accept and beautiful.

7. The construction period is short, and the time spent to obtain energy is short.

Photovoltaic power generation is highly valued in the world and has developed very rapidly. In the long term, photovoltaic power generation will enter the electricity market with decentralized power sources and partially replace conventional energy sources. Photovoltaic power generation can be used as a supplement to conventional energy, and it is of great significance from environmental protection and energy strategy in solving special application fields, such as communications, signal power supply, and civil electricity demand in remote areas without electricity. The advantages of photovoltaic power generation are fully reflected in the following aspects: sufficient cleanliness; Absolute security. (The grid-connected voltage is generally below 220V); relative breadth; Proven long life and maintenance-free; Initial practicality; Adequacy of resources and potential economy, etc.

According to the relevant statistics of China's photovoltaic industry alliance. China's photovoltaic industry is growing at an annual rate of 30%. In the past three years, the average annual growth rate of global solar cell production has reached more than 49.8%. According to the Japanese new energy plan, the EU renewable energy white paper, the US photovoltaic plan, etc., the global grid-connected installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation will reach 15GW in 2010, and the global installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation will reach 300GW by 2030, and photovoltaic power generation will reach 15%-20% of the total global power generation by 2040. According to this plan, from 2010 to 2040, the compound growth rate of the photovoltaic industry will be as high as more than 25%. Among them, grid-connected applications will have greater development, resulting in three main application fields: grid-connected power generation (about 46%), off-grid power supply (about 27%) and communication stations (about 21%).

The photovoltaic industry is a sunrise industry based on semiconductor technology and new energy demand, and is the commanding height of global advanced industry competition in the future. In recent years, the global photovoltaic market has experienced several ups and downs, and the overall trend has continued to rise.

So what are your insights on this industry, welcome to comment!