硅片在國際競爭中優(yōu)勢明顯

硅片對于光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展尤為重要。硅片可以分為單晶硅與多晶硅兩種。對于單晶硅，隆基股份太陽能單晶硅項目是全球單體規(guī)模最大的單晶硅太陽能電池制造項目之一，計劃可實現(xiàn)年產(chǎn)10吉瓦太陽能電池片，年產(chǎn)值可達120億元。

技術(shù)層面，隆基股份選擇了更具發(fā)展前景的單晶路線，且在單晶領(lǐng)域掌握了領(lǐng)先的金剛石切割線技術(shù)和單晶PERC技術(shù)。特別是PERC技術(shù)，隆基打破了24%的轉(zhuǎn)化效率瓶頸，優(yōu)勢明顯。PERC技術(shù)應(yīng)用于單晶對電池效率的提升明顯優(yōu)于多晶，PERC技術(shù)應(yīng)用于P型單晶可提升電池效率約1%，而應(yīng)用于P型多晶僅可提升電池效率約0.6%。

業(yè)務(wù)層面，隆基股份選擇重點布局技術(shù)資金門檻最高的硅片制造。在單晶硅片制造領(lǐng)域，形成寡頭壟斷，掌握定價權(quán)，占據(jù)了光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈發(fā)展的核心要位。

對于多晶硅來說，其制作成本要低于單晶硅，具有較大的發(fā)展空間。國內(nèi)多晶硅發(fā)展較好的龍頭企業(yè)是通威集團。2021年，通威旗下永祥新能源二期5.1萬噸高純晶硅項目宣布啟動生產(chǎn)運行，進一步鞏固了通威在晶硅原料生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)先地位。項目中1000噸電子級高純晶硅的啟動，意味著在電子級多晶硅國產(chǎn)化上實現(xiàn)了巨大突破，打破美日歐等國家和地區(qū)對中國的“技術(shù)封鎖”以及國家集成電路基礎(chǔ)原材料依賴進口的局面，為中國集成電路產(chǎn)業(yè)原材料的戰(zhàn)略安全提供保障。

除此之外，作為通威光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的上游，永祥股份20年來通過持續(xù)不斷的技術(shù)研發(fā)和工藝創(chuàng)新，從源頭上解決安全環(huán)保問題，已形成完整的化工與新能源結(jié)合的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和物料能源自循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，提質(zhì)降耗、低碳發(fā)展等各項指標均處于行業(yè)領(lǐng)先水平。

逆變器在全球占據(jù)領(lǐng)先地位

逆變器是光伏發(fā)電的“心臟”和“大腦”，直接材料成本占比最高。光伏逆變器是連接太陽能電池板和電網(wǎng)之間的電力電子裝置，除了具有將電池板產(chǎn)生的直流電通過功率模塊轉(zhuǎn)換成可以并網(wǎng)的交流電作用外，更承載著信息采集、電站監(jiān)控、人工交互等智能化應(yīng)用的需求。

光伏膠膜市場份額遙遙領(lǐng)先

光伏膠膜和光伏背板主要用于光伏組件封裝，可以對電池片起到保護和增效作用。由于光伏組件常年工作在露天環(huán)境下，所以光伏膠膜需要有在多種環(huán)境下的良好耐侵蝕性，其耐熱性、耐低溫性、耐氧化性、耐紫外線老化性對組件的質(zhì)量有著非常重要的影響。

國內(nèi)不少企業(yè)正在積極把握太陽能光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)的歷史機遇，將光伏膠膜作為公司的重點發(fā)力方向加緊布局。從全球膠膜下游市場格局來看，光伏膠膜行業(yè)的核心廠商均集中在我國。

Silicon wafer has obvious advantages in international competition  

Silicon wafer is particularly important for the development of photovoltaic industry.  Silicon wafers can be divided into monocrystalline silicon and polysilicon.  As for monocrystalline silicon, Lonji Solar Monocrystalline Silicon project is one of the largest monocrystalline silicon solar cell manufacturing projects in the world, with an annual output of 10 gw solar cells and an annual output value of 12 billion yuan.  

In terms of technology, Longji has chosen the single crystal route with more development prospects, and has mastered the leading diamond cutting line technology and single crystal PERC technology in the single crystal field.   In particular, PERC technology, Longji broke the conversion efficiency of 24% bottleneck, obvious advantages.   PERC technology applied to single crystal can improve the cell efficiency significantly better than polycrystal. PERC technology applied to P-type single crystal can improve the cell efficiency by about 1%, while p-type polycrystal can only improve the cell efficiency by about 0.6%.  

At the business level, Longji shares chose to focus on the layout of the highest technical capital threshold of silicon wafer manufacturing.  In the field of monocrystalline silicon wafer manufacturing, oligopoly is formed and pricing power is mastered, which occupies the core position of photovoltaic industry chain development.  

For polysilicon, its production cost is lower than that of monocrystalline silicon, which has a large space for development.  Domestic polysilicon development better leading enterprise is tongwei Group.  In 2021, The Yongxiang New Energy Phase ii 51,000 tons of high purity crystal silicon project of Tongwei announced the start of production and operation, which further consolidated tongwei's leading position in the field of crystal silicon raw material production.   Project of 1000 tons of electronic level high purity silicon, means achieved great breakthrough on electronic grade polysilicon localization, break the Japan Europe and other countries and regions of China "blockade" technology as well as the national integrated circuit based reliance on imports of raw materials, raw materials for China's integrated circuit industry strategic security guarantees.  

In addition, as tong wei photovoltaic industry chain upstream, wing cheung shares over the past 20 years through continuous technology development and technology innovation, to solve the problem of security environmental protection at the source, has formed a complete chemical industry with the circular economy industrial chain and the combination of new energy materials energy since the circulatory system, mass consumption, low carbon development, etc. All the indexes in the industry leading level.  

The picture  

Inverters occupy a leading position in the world  

Inverters are the "heart" and "brain" of photovoltaic power generation, with the highest proportion of direct material costs.  Photovoltaic inverter is a power electronic device connecting solar panels and power grid. In addition to converting the direct current generated by panels into grid-connected ALTERNATING current through power modules, it also carries the demands of intelligent applications such as information collection, power station monitoring and manual interaction.  

Photovoltaic film market share is far ahead  

Photovoltaic film and photovoltaic backplane are mainly used for photovoltaic module packaging, which can protect and enhance the efficiency of the battery.   Because photovoltaic modules work in the open air all the year round, the photovoltaic film needs to have good corrosion resistance in a variety of environments. Its heat resistance, low temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and ultraviolet aging resistance have a very important impact on the quality of the components.  

Many domestic enterprises are actively grasp the historical opportunity of solar photovoltaic power generation industry, photovoltaic film as the company's focus on the direction of strengthening the layout.   From the global film downstream market pattern, the core manufacturers of photovoltaic film industry are concentrated in China.