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太陽能光伏板也有壽命,壽終正寢后,它們是什么垃圾

返回列表 來源: 南方周末 發(fā)布日期: 2022.06.08 瀏覽次數(shù):
按照最早一批的光伏機(jī)組推算,到2030年中國或?qū)F(xiàn)光伏廢棄高峰。到2030年,中國廢棄的光伏組件可以產(chǎn)生145萬噸碳鋼、110萬噸玻璃、54萬噸塑料、26萬噸鋁、17萬噸銅、5萬噸硅和550噸銀。
享用太陽能電力的人,不知道是否想過,光伏板在完成了把光變?yōu)殡姷娜蝿?wù)后,會(huì)變成什么垃圾?
光伏板也是有壽命的,含有重金屬及有機(jī)物的報(bào)廢光伏板會(huì)變成電子垃圾。如果不妥善處理,將給環(huán)境帶來巨大的污染,與發(fā)展清潔能源的初衷背道而馳。
值得慶幸的是,光伏組件的大部分材料可循環(huán)再造,除了玻璃和鋁等可回收的材料外,還包含銀、鎵、銦等稀有金屬。
據(jù)國際可再生能源機(jī)構(gòu)、國際能源署2016年聯(lián)合發(fā)布的《太陽能光伏板報(bào)廢管理》報(bào)告預(yù)計(jì),到2050年,廢棄的光伏組件會(huì)達(dá)到0.78億噸,僅回收太陽能光伏原材料,就將在全球產(chǎn)生150億美元的價(jià)值,此外還將催生新的產(chǎn)業(yè)以及帶來更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。
圖片
報(bào)廢光伏板管理的潛在價(jià)值創(chuàng)造 圖片來源:End-of-Life Management: Solar Photovoltaic Panels報(bào)告(嵇亦琳翻譯) (資料圖/圖)


按照最早一批的光伏機(jī)組推算,到2030年中國或?qū)F(xiàn)光伏廢棄高峰。
英利綠色能源控股有限公司曾測(cè)算:到2030年,中國廢棄的光伏組件可以產(chǎn)生145萬噸碳鋼、110萬噸玻璃、54萬噸塑料、26萬噸鋁、17萬噸銅、5萬噸硅和550噸銀。
不過,非營利性組織PV CYCLE的負(fù)責(zé)人尼古拉·德飛訥(Nicolas Defrenne)認(rèn)為,這個(gè)時(shí)間會(huì)更早到來。因?yàn)樵缙诘墓夥迮c現(xiàn)在的相比,其技術(shù)不夠成熟,且無法滿足現(xiàn)時(shí)較大的電量需求。

光伏組件的壽命一般被認(rèn)為25年,“在維護(hù)良好的情況下,部分光伏組件的壽命甚至可達(dá)40年”,德飛訥介紹。但隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及需求的增長,早期光伏組件并不會(huì)有如此長的服役時(shí)間。


Based on the earliest batch of photovoltaic units, China may have a peak of photovoltaic waste by 2030.  By 2030, China's waste pv modules can produce 1.45 million tons of carbon steel, 1.1 million tons of glass, 540,000 tons of plastic, 260,000 tons of aluminum, 170,000 tons of copper, 50,000 tons of silicon and 550 tons of silver.  

People who enjoy solar power, do not know whether to think, photovoltaic panels in the completion of the light into electricity after the task, will become what garbage?  

Photovoltaic panels also have a lifespan. Discarded photovoltaic panels containing heavy metals and organic matter become e-waste.  If not properly handled, it will bring huge pollution to the environment, and run counter to the original intention of developing clean energy.  

Fortunately, photovoltaic modules are mostly recyclable, including rare metals such as silver, gallium and indium, in addition to recyclable materials such as glass and aluminum.  

According to the international renewable energy agency, the international energy agency in 2016 jointly issued the "solar photovoltaic panels scrap management report predicts that by 2050, and abandoned photovoltaic modules will reach 078 million tons, only recycled solar photovoltaic materials, will produce the value of $15 billion worldwide, but also will create new industries and bring more chances of employment.  

The picture  

End-of-life Management: Solar Photovoltaic Panels Report  

 

 

Based on the earliest batch of photovoltaic units, China may have a peak of photovoltaic waste by 2030.  

Yingli Green Energy Holdings Has calculated that by 2030, China's waste pv modules could produce 1.45 million tons of carbon steel, 1.1 million tons of glass, 540,000 tons of plastic, 260,000 tons of aluminum, 170,000 tons of copper, 50,000 tons of silicon and 550 tons of silver.  

But Nicolas Defrenne, director of the nonprofit PV CYCLE, believes that time will come sooner.  Because the early photovoltaic panels compared with the current, its technology is not mature, and can not meet the current large demand for electricity.  

The life span of pv modules is generally considered to be 25 years, and "some modules can last up to 40 years with good maintenance," de Fanner said.   But as the technology evolves and demand grows, early pv modules will not last that long.  

The sixth China-France Environment Month opened in Shenzhen on September 22, 2019. De Fehner attended the opening ceremony as a guest of the roundtable discussion on economy and ecology, and introduced the exhibition "Recycling" to the audience.  

The exhibition shows photos of the end of life of some daily items and products in the field of recycling industry, such as batteries and small batteries, unused drugs, waste photovoltaic panels and so on.   The "recycling" exhibition will be held in nine cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Zhengzhou and Anji.  



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