5月17日，生態(tài)環(huán)境部發(fā)布《碳排放權(quán)登記管理規(guī)則（試行）》《碳排放權(quán)交易管理規(guī)則（試行）》和《碳排放權(quán)結(jié)算管理規(guī)則（試行）》，并于即日起執(zhí)行。《碳排放權(quán)交易管理規(guī)則（試行）》提到，碳排      放配額交易以“每噸二氧化碳當量價格”為計價單位，買賣申報量的最小變動計量為1噸二氧化碳當量，申報價格的最小變動計量為0.01元人民幣。交易機構(gòu)實行漲跌幅限制制度。交易機構(gòu)應當設定不同交易方式的漲跌幅比例，并可以根據(jù)市場風險狀況對漲跌幅比例進行調(diào)整。這標志著全國碳排放權(quán)交易工作又向前邁出了一大步！

       首先咱們要搞清楚一個問題，為什么實施碳排放交易就會利好光伏電站？

       我們知道，工商業(yè)光伏電站5年左右可以收回投資成本。 國家碳排放配額交易的開啟，讓擁有光伏電站的用戶或投資者得到了天上掉下的餡餅。根據(jù)中國資源綜合利用協(xié)會可再生能源專業(yè)委員會和國際環(huán)保組織綠色和平發(fā)布的《中國光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)清潔生產(chǎn)研究報告》，光伏發(fā)電的能量回收周期僅為1.3年，而其使用壽命為25年，也就是說在約24年里光伏發(fā)電都是零碳排放 。根據(jù)測算，光伏發(fā)電的二氧化碳排放為33-50克/度，而煤電為796.7克/度。光伏發(fā)電的二氧化碳排放量只是化石能源的十分之一到二十分之一，所以光伏發(fā)電在降低碳排放方面擁有壓倒性的優(yōu)勢。

      根據(jù)文中第31條【抵消機制】來看，可再生能源開發(fā)的CCER（國家核證自愿減排量）可以用來抵消5%的經(jīng)核查排放量。根據(jù)光伏項目開發(fā)CCER的經(jīng)驗來看，100MW的光伏項目每年可以開發(fā)出11萬噸CCER，全生命周期內(nèi)最多可以開發(fā)21年，全生命周期內(nèi)最多可以開發(fā)出231萬噸CCER。根據(jù)當前北京CCER成交價20元/噸計算，100MW的光伏電站通過碳交易可以額外增加4620萬的收益，相當于1.5年的發(fā)電量收益，也相當于每度電可額外收益2.3分。這部分收益可以有效降低7%左右的LCOE（按年利用小時數(shù)1000小時，上網(wǎng)電價0.3元/kWh測算），可保障全國光伏電站實現(xiàn)平價上網(wǎng)，甚至低價上網(wǎng)，其經(jīng)濟效益和環(huán)境效益顯著。

On May 17, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "Carbon Emission Rights Registration Management Rules (Trial)", "Carbon Emission Rights Trading Management Rules (Trial)" and "Carbon Emission Rights Settlement Management Rules (Trial)", which will be implemented immediately. According to the Regulations on the Administration of Carbon Emission Trading (Trial), carbon emission quota trading takes "the price of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton" as the pricing unit, and the minimum change in the declared volume is measured as 1 ton of carbon dioxide equivalent, and the minimum change in the declared price is measured as 0.01 yuan.Trading institutions to implement the rise and fall limit system. A trading institution shall set the proportion of the rise and fall of different trading methods, and may adjust the proportion of the rise and fall according to the market risk situation. This marks the national carbon emission right trading work and a big step forward!

First of all, we need to figure out a question, why the implementation of carbon emissions trading will benefit photovoltaic power stations?

We know that industrial and commercial photovoltaic power stations can pay back their investment costs in about 5 years.With the opening of national carbon emission quota trading, users or investors who own photovoltaic power stations get a pie from the sky. According to the "Clean Production Research Report on China's Photovoltaic Industry" released by the Renewable Energy Committee of the China Association of Comprehensive Utilization of Resources and the international environmental organization Greenpeace, the energy recovery cycle of photovoltaic power generation is only 1.3 years, while its service life is 25 years, which means that photovoltaic power generation will have zero carbon emissions for about 24 years.According to the calculation, the carbon dioxide emission of photovoltaic power generation is 33-50 grams/kWh, while that of coal power generation is 796.7 grams/kWh.With carbon dioxide emissions only one-tenth to one-twentieth of those of fossil fuels, photovoltaic power has an overwhelming advantage in reducing carbon emissions.

According to article 31 [offsetting mechanism], CCER (Nationally Certified Voluntary Emissions Reduction) for renewable energy development can be used to offset 5% of verified emissions. According to our experience in developing CCERs for PV projects, a 100MW PV project can develop 110,000 tons of CCERs per year, with a maximum of 21 years of development during its full life cycle, and a maximum of 2.31 million tons of CCERs during its full life cycle.According to the current CCER transaction price of 20 yuan/ton in Beijing, a 100MW photovoltaic power station can gain an additional income of 46.2 million yuan through carbon trading, which is equivalent to 1.5 years' generating income and 2.3 cents per kilowatt-hour. This part of revenue can effectively reduce the LCOE by about 7% (based on the annual utilization hours of 1000 hours, the on-grid electricity price is 0.3 yuan /kWh), which can ensure the photovoltaic power stations across the country to achieve affordable or even low-cost access to the Internet, with significant economic and environmental benefits.