碳中和時(shí)代漸行漸近。2020年9月，中國(guó)向國(guó)際社會(huì)明確了碳中和的目標(biāo)和時(shí)間表：二氧化碳排放力爭(zhēng)于2030年前達(dá)到峰值，努力爭(zhēng)取2060年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和。此后，2020年國(guó)家將“做好碳達(dá)峰、碳中和工作”確定為2021年八大重點(diǎn)任務(wù)之一。如今，“碳中和”這個(gè)原本陌生的詞匯，成為各行各業(yè)的熱議焦點(diǎn)。早在兩年前，公司總部位于西安的一家新能源企業(yè)就提出了類(lèi)似的發(fā)展理念——“Solar for Solar-負(fù)碳地球”，并成功實(shí)踐。
       這家企業(yè)就是全球光伏領(lǐng)先企業(yè)隆基股份（601012.SH），其“掌舵者”李振國(guó)認(rèn)為，一旦光伏能源足夠便宜，其本身的生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)完全零碳制造，當(dāng)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈全生產(chǎn)過(guò)程都使用清潔能源，過(guò)程中便會(huì)是零碳足跡。由此，隆基股份率先垂范，成為零碳制造的先行者和踐行者?！坝们鍧嵞茉粗圃烨鍧嵞茉础薄八姷木薮笳{(diào)節(jié)能力由于電力體制的原因尚未得到充分利用。國(guó)內(nèi)有全世界最大的水電裝機(jī)容量，水電滿負(fù)荷運(yùn)行時(shí)間不到全年一半，可靈活調(diào)節(jié)出力，可與新能源互補(bǔ)發(fā)電，利用水光風(fēng)互補(bǔ)可以加快國(guó)內(nèi)可再生能源發(fā)展進(jìn)程”。今年兩會(huì)，李振國(guó)提出實(shí)現(xiàn)多能互補(bǔ)助力碳中和的呼吁再次被媒體聚焦。從零碳制造到多能互補(bǔ)，李振國(guó)的呼聲源于2016年隆基股份做了一個(gè)決定：投資云南。而這里也是隆基股份零碳制造且成功實(shí)踐的開(kāi)端。云南是清潔能源大省，水電資源豐富。但該省也面臨著消納能力有限的問(wèn)題，尤其豐水期，“棄水棄電”現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。在隆基股份看來(lái)，投資云南將“棄水棄電”化廢為寶，既消納了當(dāng)?shù)馗辉５乃?，又解決了當(dāng)?shù)氐臍v史難題，同時(shí)也可以利用比煤電更廉價(jià)的水電降低制造成本，從而帶動(dòng)光伏發(fā)電成本下降。
        據(jù)悉，過(guò)去5年，隆基股份在云南保山一、二期20GW單晶硅棒項(xiàng)目和保山三期騰沖年產(chǎn)10GW單晶硅棒項(xiàng)目、麗江一、二期20GW單晶硅棒項(xiàng)目、曲靖一期年產(chǎn)10GW單晶硅棒和切片項(xiàng)目、楚雄一、二期30GW、三期20GW單晶硅切片項(xiàng)目均已投產(chǎn)，且陸續(xù)還有新產(chǎn)能投入。
2020年，隆基股份在云南累計(jì)完成投資已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)超200億元，帶動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)丶s1.7萬(wàn)人就業(yè)。值得一提的是，隨著隆基股份落地云南，還吸引了晶澳科技、錦州陽(yáng)光、晶科能源和通威股份等多家企業(yè)紛紛挺進(jìn)云南，并帶動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)厮姽枰惑w化產(chǎn)業(yè)崛起。據(jù)清華大學(xué)研究，光伏等新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)能拉動(dòng)的新增就業(yè)崗位是傳統(tǒng)能源的1.5-3倍，可為傳統(tǒng)能源產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型提供充足的、更高質(zhì)量、更體面的就業(yè)崗位。云南當(dāng)?shù)厮懔艘还P賬，隆基股份每年可消納云南清潔水電12.81億度，極大緩解了云南能源棄水的消納問(wèn)題，每消耗1度水電制造的光伏產(chǎn)品，其生命周期可生產(chǎn)50多度光伏電送往全球市場(chǎng)，成為“清潔能源的搬運(yùn)工和放大器”。
      在大規(guī)模進(jìn)駐云南期間，隆基股份“用清潔能源制造清潔能源”的生產(chǎn)制造理念也由此誕生，并在馬來(lái)西亞工廠進(jìn)一步推廣應(yīng)用。目前，隆基股份位于云南的工廠及馬來(lái)西亞的工廠，幾乎實(shí)現(xiàn)了100%可再生能源電力生產(chǎn)。 2018年12月11日，在第24屆聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候大會(huì)上，李振國(guó)先于全行業(yè)提出了“Solar for Solar-負(fù)碳地球”的生產(chǎn)制造理念，希望未來(lái)在全球更多的地區(qū)使用光伏發(fā)電制造光伏產(chǎn)品，實(shí)現(xiàn)完全清潔零碳生產(chǎn)。
“在邁向碳中和的階段，非化石能源發(fā)電量占比將達(dá)到90%-100%，可通過(guò)多種儲(chǔ)能、可再生能源制氫、需求側(cè)響應(yīng)。”今年兩會(huì)期間，李振國(guó)表示目前國(guó)內(nèi)光伏和風(fēng)電發(fā)電量之和占比約10%，新能源消納空間還很大，建議國(guó)家扶持儲(chǔ)能產(chǎn)業(yè)加快發(fā)展，支持“可再生能源+儲(chǔ)能”擴(kuò)大應(yīng)用，爭(zhēng)取使儲(chǔ)能產(chǎn)業(yè)取得更大的技術(shù)進(jìn)步和成本降低，比如大力支持抽水蓄能項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)，支持常規(guī)水電改造增加抽水蓄能功能，實(shí)現(xiàn)清潔能源的更高比例應(yīng)用。實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和的核心是控制碳排放。當(dāng)前，我國(guó)能源燃燒是二氧化碳排放的第一大來(lái)源，能源供給仍以煤炭消費(fèi)為主（煤炭消費(fèi)占比最高的為煤電）。由此，加快我國(guó)能源結(jié)構(gòu)由化石能源（煤炭為主）向非化石能源（風(fēng)能、光伏為主的可再生能源等）的轉(zhuǎn)型迫在眉睫。
        目前，我國(guó)已經(jīng)具備能源轉(zhuǎn)型的一定條件，而這一定程度上也是我國(guó)提出碳中和目標(biāo)的底氣。其中，我國(guó)光伏發(fā)電和風(fēng)電累計(jì)裝機(jī)保持全球第一，制造裝備國(guó)產(chǎn)化水平高，產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈齊全。尤其是，其發(fā)電成本持續(xù)下降，2021年基本擺脫補(bǔ)貼，經(jīng)濟(jì)性可以與煤電競(jìng)技。以光伏行業(yè)為例，過(guò)去十多年，整個(gè)行業(yè)都在做同一件事——降本，即讓光伏足夠便宜。成立于2000年的隆基股份，目前已在全球光伏單晶硅片和組件龍頭，除了硅料之外在整個(gè)光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈環(huán)節(jié)均有布局。隆基股份的發(fā)展速度驚人。從2012年上市至2020年，隆基股份歸屬于母公司所有者的凈利潤(rùn)從虧損0.53億元暴漲至82億元以上，上市9年翻80余倍；市值從上市當(dāng)年期末不足40億元，而今一度突破4500億元，翻了百余倍。在資本市場(chǎng)上，隆基股份還于2020年12月受到了高瓴資本158億元加持。隆基股份的迅速崛起與金剛線切割技術(shù)和PERC電池技術(shù)相關(guān)。
       2013年左右，隆基股份率先引入金剛線切割技術(shù)替代砂漿切割技術(shù)，推動(dòng)了設(shè)備與金剛石切割的國(guó)產(chǎn)化替代，使得切片環(huán)節(jié)成本快速下降，效率大幅提升，并引領(lǐng)行業(yè)進(jìn)入“金剛線時(shí)代”。疊加隆基股份2014年切入光伏組件領(lǐng)域，又將PERC電池技術(shù)在單晶產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上的成功引入與推廣，從此打開(kāi)了單晶組件快速效率提升與成本下降的局面，隆基股份主導(dǎo)的單晶市場(chǎng)逐漸占據(jù)有利地位。有數(shù)據(jù)顯示，金剛線切割技術(shù)的革新能帶動(dòng)單晶硅片非硅成本較砂漿切割下降60%以上，每年為行業(yè)節(jié)約成本約300億元。在業(yè)內(nèi)看來(lái)，隆基股份不僅成就了自己，而且推動(dòng)了整個(gè)光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的成本下降。“目前許多國(guó)家和地區(qū)已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)一毛錢(qián)一度電，當(dāng)之無(wú)愧成為了最便宜、最清潔的電力資源。從長(zhǎng)期看，光伏發(fā)電成本還將持續(xù)降低，度電成本將全面降至幾分錢(qián)/度?！苯衲陜蓵?huì)期間，李振國(guó)在接受媒體采訪時(shí)表示，如今，國(guó)內(nèi)光伏發(fā)電主要面臨非技術(shù)成本較高的問(wèn)題，包括貸款利息、土地稅費(fèi)及其他各項(xiàng)稅費(fèi)等。他建議全面降低光伏發(fā)電的非技術(shù)成本，讓渡出經(jīng)濟(jì)空間，通過(guò)政策引導(dǎo)鼓勵(lì)儲(chǔ)能、氫能、電力調(diào)峰與電網(wǎng)調(diào)節(jié)，實(shí)現(xiàn)多能互補(bǔ)綜合發(fā)展，推動(dòng)非化石能源比例更為快速地提升，助力“碳中和”目標(biāo)早日實(shí)現(xiàn)。
Solar for Solar-負(fù)碳地球，這是隆基股份的一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，更是一種信仰。2020年3月，隆基股份正式加入了“RE100”倡議，并承諾到2028年將在全球生產(chǎn)及運(yùn)營(yíng)中實(shí)現(xiàn)100％使用可再生電力。目前全世界有超200家全球大型跨國(guó)公司、科技企業(yè)、金融機(jī)構(gòu)等都響應(yīng)了倡議并做出了承諾，其中有些已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)。截至目前，中國(guó)不足10家企業(yè)加入了RE100倡議。
     對(duì)于為何加入RE100？李振國(guó)表示，“因?yàn)槲覀兒蛧?guó)際氣候組織及所有RE100的成員方企業(yè)們擁有同樣的初衷和夢(mèng)想——建立一個(gè)完全使用清潔能源供能的美好世界，徹底解決全球氣候變暖問(wèn)題。隆基也希望通過(guò)自身的探索為更多的企業(yè)提供可參照的目標(biāo)?！?個(gè)月后，隆基股份又宣布加入氣候組織“EV100”和“EP100”倡議。隆基股份加入EV100，承諾在未來(lái)十年內(nèi)，安裝充足的電動(dòng)車(chē)充電設(shè)施，引導(dǎo)員工將家庭用車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)換為電動(dòng)汽車(chē)。同時(shí)，加入EP100，承諾在2025年前完成能源管理系統(tǒng)的部署，并以2015年為基準(zhǔn)年，提高35%能源使用效率。完成三個(gè)“100”目標(biāo)充滿了挑戰(zhàn)性。不過(guò)，李振國(guó)說(shuō)：“氣候變暖是另一場(chǎng)‘戰(zhàn)役’，需要強(qiáng)有力的舉措加以遏制?！睂?shí)現(xiàn) 碳達(dá)峰、碳中和，不是單一企業(yè)行為，頭部企業(yè)有義務(wù)推動(dòng)供應(yīng)鏈減碳乃至去碳。
       事實(shí)上，處于快速發(fā)展階段的隆基股份，在2018年新增的供應(yīng)商就多達(dá)750家，90%的供應(yīng)商分布在中國(guó)。彼時(shí)，隆基就在供應(yīng)商大會(huì)上倡導(dǎo)與上下游共同實(shí)踐環(huán)境保護(hù)、節(jié)能減排的綠色理念，共同促進(jìn)綠色供應(yīng)鏈建設(shè)。2021年1月，隆基股份率先發(fā)布《綠色供應(yīng)鏈減碳倡議》，將綠色理念融入供應(yīng)鏈管理體系，協(xié)同價(jià)值鏈上的供應(yīng)商，對(duì)產(chǎn)品的綠色屬性進(jìn)行有效管理，減少其制造、運(yùn)輸、儲(chǔ)存以及使用等過(guò)程的能源資源消耗和污染物排放。隆基股份也成為光伏行業(yè)首個(gè)提出“供應(yīng)鏈減碳”的企業(yè)。目前，已有150余家供應(yīng)商響應(yīng)。

The era of carbon neutrality is approaching.In September 2020, China made clear to the international community the goal and timetable of carbon neutrality: carbon dioxide emissions will peak by 2030, and strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.Since then, the country has identified "doing a good job in achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality" as one of the eight key tasks in 2021.Now, "carbon neutral", an unfamiliar term, has become a hot topic in all walks of life. As early as two years ago, a new energy enterprise headquartered in Xi 'an proposed a similar development concept -- "Solar for Solar- Carbon-Negative Earth" -- and successfully implemented it.

Li Zhenguo, the "pilot" of Longi (601012.SH), a leading global photovoltaic company, believes that once photovoltaic energy is cheap enough, its production link can achieve complete zero-carbon manufacturing, and when the whole production process of the industrial chain uses clean energy, the process will have a zero carbon footprint. Therefore, Longji takes the lead in setting an example and becomes a pioneer and practitioner of zero-carbon manufacturing."Clean Energy from Clean Energy." "Hydropower has a huge regulatory capacity that has not been fully utilized because of the power system. China has the largest installed hydropower capacity in the world, and the full load operation time of hydropower is less than half of the year. The output can be adjusted flexibly, and it can complement with new energy to generate electricity. The use of water, light and wind to complement each other can speed up the development process of domestic renewable energy ".At this year's two sessions, Li Zhenguo's call to achieve multi-energy complementarity to contribute to carbon neutrality was once again highlighted by the media. From zero-carbon manufacturing to multi-energy complementarization, Li ZhenGuo's call stems from Longji's decision to invest in Yunnan in 2016.This is also the beginning of Longi's successful zero-carbon manufacturing practice. Yunnan is a clean energy province, rich in hydropower resources. However, the province also faces the problem of limited absorption capacity, especially in the flood season, the phenomenon of "abandoning water and electricity" is serious. In the view of Longi Group, the investment in Yunnan will turn waste water and electricity into wealth, which will not only absorb the rich local hydropower, but also solve the local historical problems. At the same time, it can also reduce the manufacturing cost by using hydropower, which is cheaper than coal power, so as to drive down the cost of photovoltaic power generation.

It is understood that in the past five years, longji stake in yunnan baoshan 20 gw monocrystalline silicon rods of phase I and ii project and the three periods of baoshan tengchong of 10 gw monocrystalline silicon rods project, lijiang, 20 gw monocrystalline silicon rod project phase ii, a period of 10 gw qujing monocrystalline silicon rods and sliced project, chuxiong 30 gw of phase I and ii, iii 20 gw monocrystalline silicon slicing projects have been put into production, and established and new capacity investment.

In 2020, the cumulative investment of Longji Group in Yunnan has exceeded 20 billion yuan, bringing about 17,000 local jobs.It is worth mentioning that, with the arrival of Longi shares in Yunnan, many enterprises such as JA Technology, Jinzhou Sunshine, JinkoSolar and Tongwei shares have entered Yunnan one after another, and promoted the rise of local hydropower and silicon integration industry. According to research by Tsinghua University, photovoltaic and other new energy industries can drive 1.5 to 3 times as many new jobs as traditional energy, which can provide sufficient, higher quality and more decent jobs for the transformation of traditional energy industries.According to a local calculation in Yunnan, Longji can consume 1.281 billion KWH of clean hydropower in Yunnan every year, greatly alleviating the problem of waste water consumption in Yunnan energy. The photovoltaic products made by consuming 1 KWH of hydropower can produce more than 50 KWH of photovoltaic power in their life cycle and send it to the global market, becoming "the transport and amplifier of clean energy".

During its large-scale presence in Yunnan, Longi's manufacturing concept of "Clean Energy with Clean Energy" was born and further promoted in the Malaysian factory. Currently, Longi's plants in Yunnan and Malaysia are generating almost 100% renewable power.On December 11, 2018, at the 24th United Nations Climate Conference, Li Zhenguo proposed the manufacturing concept of "Solar for Solar- Carbon Negative Earth" ahead of the whole industry. He hoped that more regions around the world would use photovoltaic power generation to make photovoltaic products in the future, and achieve completely clean and zero-carbon production.

"In the phase towards carbon neutrality, non-fossil energy will account for 90% to 100% of electricity generation, through a variety of energy storage, renewable energy hydrogen production, and demand side response." During the two sessions this year, Daniel li said the current domestic photovoltaic (pv) and wind power accounted for about 10% of the sum of the energy, new energy given the space also is very big, to speed up the development, suggested the state supports energy storage industry support "renewable energy and energy storage" expand the application, for the technology of energy storage industry to make greater progress and cost reduction, such as support for the construction of pumped storage project, support routine water and electricity transformation increase pumped storage function, achieve the higher proportion of application of clean energy.The core of achieving carbon neutrality is to control carbon emissions. At present, China's energy combustion is the largest source of carbon dioxide emissions, and the energy supply is still dominated by coal consumption (the highest proportion of coal consumption is coal power). Therefore, it is extremely urgent to accelerate the transformation of China's energy structure from fossil energy (mainly coal) to non-fossil energy (mainly wind energy, photovoltaic renewable energy, etc.).

At present, China has certain conditions for energy transition, which to some extent is also the basis for China to put forward the carbon neutral target. Among them, China's cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation remains the first in the world, with a high level of localization of manufacturing equipment and a complete industrial chain. In particular, its power generation costs continue to decline, and it will basically get rid of subsidies in 2021, and its economy can compete with coal power. Take the photovoltaic industry for example. For more than a decade, the entire industry has been doing the same thing -- reducing costs -- making photovoltaic cheap enough. Founded in 2000, Longi is now a global leader in PV monocrystalline silicon wafers and modules, with a presence in the entire PV industry chain in addition to silicon materials. Longji shares of the development of astonishing speed. From its listing in 2012 to 2020, the net profit attributable to the parent company owner of Longji shares soared from a loss of 53 million yuan to more than 8.2 billion yuan, which increased by more than 80 times in the 9 years since its listing.The market capitalization from the end of the year listed less than 4 billion yuan, now once exceeded 450 billion yuan, more than 100 times. In the capital market, Longji shares also received 15.8 billion yuan from Hillhouse Capital in December 2020.Longji shares of the rapid rise of diamond wire cutting technology and PERC battery technology.

In 2013 or so, Longji took the lead in introducing diamond wire cutting technology to replace mortar cutting technology, promoting the replacement of equipment and diamond cutting, making the cost of the slicing link drop rapidly, improving the efficiency greatly, and leading the industry into the "era of diamond line". Stacked Longki shares in 2014 into the field of photovoltaic modules, and the successful introduction and promotion of PERC battery technology in the single crystal industry chain, from now on opened the situation of rapid efficiency improvement and cost reduction of single crystal components, Longki shares dominated single crystal market gradually occupy a favorable position.Data show that the innovation of diamond wire cutting technology can drive the non-silicon cost of monocrystal silicon wafer to reduce by more than 60% compared with mortar cutting, saving about 30 billion yuan for the industry every year. In the view of the industry, Longji shares not only achievements themselves, but also to promote the cost reduction of the entire photovoltaic industry. "At present, many countries and regions have achieved electricity for 10 cents per hour, making it the cheapest and cleanest source of electricity. In the long term, the cost of photovoltaic power generation will continue to reduce, and the cost per kilowatt-hour will be reduced to a few cents per kilowatt-hour." During this year's two sessions, Li Zhenguo said in an interview with the media, now, domestic photovoltaic power generation mainly faces the problem of high non-technical costs, including loan interest, land taxes and other taxes and fees. He suggested that the non-technical cost of photovoltaic power generation should be comprehensively reduced to make room for economic space, and that energy storage, hydrogen energy, power peak regulation and grid regulation should be encouraged through policy guidance, so as to realize the complementary and comprehensive development of multi-energy, promote a faster increase in the proportion of non-fossil energy, and help achieve the goal of "carbon neutrality" as soon as possible.

Solar for Solar- negative carbon earth, this is a dream of longji shares, but also a belief.In March 2020, Longi officially joined the "RE100" initiative and pledged to use 100% renewable electricity in its global production and operations by 2028. More than 200 of the world's largest multinational corporations, technology companies, financial institutions and others have responded to the initiative and made commitments, and some have met their goals. So far, fewer than 10 Chinese companies have joined the RE100 initiative.

Why join RE100?"Because we share the same original intention and dream with the international climate organization and all RE100 member companies -- to build a better world powered entirely by clean energy and solve the problem of global warming once and for all. Longi also hopes to provide more enterprises with referable goals through its own exploration."Eight months later, Longi announced that it had joined the EV100 and EP100 initiatives of climate organizations. Longi has joined the EV100 with a commitment to install sufficient EV charging facilities within the next decade to guide employees to convert their family cars to electric vehicles. At the same time, joining EP100 commits to complete the deployment of the energy management system by 2025, and to improve energy efficiency by 35% by 2015 as the base year. Achieving three "100" goals can be challenging. However, Li said: "Climate change is another 'battle' that needs strong measures to curb it." To achieve carbon peak and carbon neutral is not a single enterprise behavior. The leading enterprises have the obligation to promote carbon reduction and even decarbonization in the supply chain.

In fact, Longi, which is in the stage of rapid development, added 750 new suppliers in 2018, 90% of which are located in China.At that time, Longi advocated to practice the green concept of environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction together with the upstream and downstream at the supplier conference, and jointly promoted the construction of green supply chain. In January 2021, Longi took the lead in releasing the "Green Supply Chain Carbon Reduction Initiative", integrating green concept into supply chain management system, cooperating with suppliers in the value chain, effectively managing the green attribute of products, and reducing energy and resource consumption and pollutant emission in the process of manufacturing, transportation, storage and use.Longji also became the first photovoltaic industry to put forward the "supply chain carbon reduction" enterprises. So far, more than 150 suppliers have responded.