太陽能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)從電網(wǎng)角度來講分為并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)和離網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)兩大類。

太陽能并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)（無電池配套系統(tǒng)）在發(fā)電的工作狀態(tài)下，首先為家庭或商業(yè)供電。也就是說，如果此時此刻的家庭用電為太陽能系統(tǒng)供給的話，此部分用的電就是免費的。由于澳大利亞的光照條件好，因此高達99%用戶的家庭用電量少于太陽能發(fā)電量。因此多余的電可以通過賣給電網(wǎng)抵扣下一張電費賬單的費用。例如，這一個小時內(nèi)太陽能系統(tǒng)發(fā)電5度，家里用掉3度電，那么這3度電就是免費的，而所剩的2度電可以直接通過智能電表，輸送回給電網(wǎng)，電力公司在下一張電費單中會把這2度電帶來的收益從電費中扣除。

（This photoelectric class will briefly explain the following four aspects, so that you can quickly understand how the solar system operates.



Working principle of solar power generation system

Main components of solar system

Connection between solar system and external power grid

Benefits from solar power systems




Working principle of solar power generation system





Sunlight irradiates the solar panel, and light energy is converted into electric energy (DC).



The solar inverter converts direct current into alternating current.



The AC power transformed by the inverter can be used directly by families.



The unused electricity will be sold directly to the power company through the smart meter, and the money from selling electricity will be deducted into the next electricity bill.



Introduction to main components of solar system





1. Solar panel (also known as photovoltaic module)



Solar panel is a device that converts solar radiation energy directly or indirectly into electrical energy through photoelectric effect or photochemical effect by absorbing sunlight. There are two main categories of solar panels in the Australian market: monocrystalline and polycrystalline. There are three differences between them: appearance, conversion rate and manufacturing process. However, for users, the two kinds of solar panels have little substantive difference, both of which have long service life and good stability. Therefore, the selection criteria of solar panels can be directly simplified into two points: 1 It can ensure continuous work on the roof for more than 25-30 years; 2. A big brand with good reputation and quality assurance.



Solar panel brands with high reputation in the Australian market at present





2. Solar inverter (also known as photovoltaic inverter)



The second component of the solar power generation system is the solar inverter. Because all the electricity converted by the solar panel must be processed by the inverter before it can be output externally, the inverter is the most important part of the solar system. Generally, the solar inverter can have a shelf life of 5-10 years.



Trusted solar inverter brand in Australian market at present





3. Solar support system



Solar bracket system is a device used to fix solar panels on various roofs, and their quality also plays a decisive role.



At present, foreign well-known brands of on-site solar support system

4. Electrical accessories and labels



There are also many essential electrical accessories in the solar power generation system. Each part of the parts will be marked with stickers, and their role in the solar power generation system can not be ignored.




Grid connection of solar system





From the perspective of power grid, solar power generation system can be divided into grid connected system and off grid system.




At present, the mainstream mode is grid connected system, which mainly relies on the existing power grid to connect solar power generation, household power grid and public power grid. Then, the solar grid connection system means that the whole solar system is connected to the external power grid through smart meters. If the solar power generation exceeds the household electricity consumption, the excess electricity will be transmitted to the public grid. When the solar power generation cannot meet the household electricity consumption, the external power grid can supply in real time. The above process is completely completed automatically by the smart meter without human operation. Different states and power providers have different requirements for the operation of solar grid connection. While understanding solar energy, guests need to consult the local solar energy company for the following details:



For the installation of solar grid connected system, whether it is necessary to apply to the power provider for pre approval.



Whether the local power provider has power output restrictions on the solar system.



Whether the meter needs to be replaced.



Whether the grid connection work after the installation is operated by the guest or the solar installation company, is there any additional charge.



The second off grid method is mainly applicable to remote areas without power grids or areas with frequent power outages. However, because this system must be equipped with batteries, which have the defects of high cost and short service life, it has not been widely used and promoted.




Benefits from solar power systems



There are two practical benefits of installing solar energy, one is that it can save electricity bills, and the other is that it can sell the remaining electricity to the grid and earn profits.

In the working state of power generation, the solar grid connected power generation system (battery free supporting system) first supplies power for families or businesses. In other words, if the household electricity at this moment is supplied by the solar system, this part of the electricity is free. Due to the good lighting conditions in Australia, up to 99% of users' household electricity consumption is less than solar power generation. Therefore, the excess electricity can be sold to the grid to offset the cost of the next electricity bill. For example, if the solar energy system generates five kilowatt hours of electricity and the home uses three kilowatt hours of electricity, the three kilowatt hours of electricity are free, and the remaining two kilowatt hours of electricity can be directly transmitted back to the grid through the smart meter. The power company will deduct the income from the two kilowatt hours of electricity in the next electricity bill.
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