指國務(wù)院碳交易主管部門分配給控排企業(yè)指定時(shí)期內(nèi)的碳排放額度，是碳排放權(quán)的憑證和載體。1單位排放配額相當(dāng)于1噸二氧化碳當(dāng)量。配額分配方式：主要分為免費(fèi)分配與有償分配。
免費(fèi)分配：基準(zhǔn)法、歷史法（歷史強(qiáng)度法、歷史總量法）有償分配：拍賣、定價(jià)出售 

     由國家發(fā)改委根據(jù)各地區(qū)溫室氣體排放、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、能源結(jié)構(gòu)、控排企業(yè)納入情況等因素確定地區(qū)配額總量，并預(yù)留部分配額用于有償分配、市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)和重大項(xiàng)目建設(shè)。     地方配額在初期以免費(fèi)分配為主，適時(shí)引入有償分配，并逐步提高比例。其中免費(fèi)分配的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和方法由國家發(fā)改委參考相關(guān)行業(yè)主管部門的意見統(tǒng)一確定。  地方配額總量與免費(fèi)分配配額之間的軋差，可由地方政府用于有償分配，有償分配的具體方式由地方確定。
1、歷史總量法：配額分配以企業(yè)過去的碳排放數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù)。一般選取企業(yè)過去3-5年的碳排放量得出該企業(yè)的年均歷史排放量，而這一數(shù)字就是企業(yè)下一年度的排放配額。歷史法對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的要求較為簡(jiǎn)單， 操作容易，因此各試點(diǎn)的免費(fèi)配額分配以歷史排放量或歷史強(qiáng)度法為主。但歷史法假設(shè)企業(yè)的碳排放會(huì)一直按照過去的軌跡進(jìn)行下去， 從而忽略了兩個(gè)方面的因素：
一是在碳市場(chǎng)開始之前企業(yè)已經(jīng)采取的減排行動(dòng)
二是在碳市場(chǎng)開始之后，企業(yè)還有可能在市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的影響下改變行為，進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行減排
因此，歷史法可能會(huì)“鞭打快牛”，不利于激勵(lì)企業(yè)今后對(duì)節(jié)能減排技術(shù)的研發(fā)和引進(jìn)。
2、歷史強(qiáng)度法：
以企業(yè)歷史碳排放為基礎(chǔ)配額，并在其后乘以多項(xiàng)調(diào)整因子，將前期減排獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、減排潛力、對(duì)清潔技術(shù)的鼓勵(lì)、行業(yè)增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)等因素考慮在內(nèi)，可在一定程度上彌補(bǔ)歷史法的缺陷。
3、基準(zhǔn)線法：
基于“最佳實(shí)踐”原則，就是將不同企業(yè)（設(shè)施）同種產(chǎn)品的單位產(chǎn)品碳排放由小到大進(jìn)行排序，選擇其中前10%（不固定，也可選30%或行業(yè)平均值）作為基準(zhǔn)線。
Refers to the carbon emission quota allocated by the competent department of carbon trading under The State Council to control and discharge enterprises within a specified period, which is the certificate and carrier of carbon emission right. One unit of emission quota is equivalent to one tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent.Quota distribution: mainly divided into free distribution and paid distribution.

Free distribution: benchmark method, historical method (historical intensity method, historical total method) paid distribution: auction, pricing sale

The National Development and Reform Commission will determine the total amount of regional quotas based on factors such as greenhouse gas emissions, economic growth, industrial structure, energy structure and the inclusion of emission control enterprises in each region, and reserve part of the quotas for paid distribution, market adjustment and major project construction. Local quotas will be mainly distributed free of charge in the initial stage, and paid distribution will be introduced in due time, and the proportion will be gradually increased. The standard and method of free distribution shall be determined by the National Development and Reform Commission with reference to the opinions of relevant industry authorities. The difference between the total amount of local quotas and the quotas allocated free of charge may be used by local governments for compensated distribution. The specific method of compensated distribution shall be determined by local governments.

1. Historical aggregate method: Quota allocation is based on the past carbon emission data of enterprises.Generally, the annual average historical emissions of the enterprise are obtained by selecting the carbon emissions of the enterprise in the past 3-5 years, and this figure is the emission quota of the enterprise in the next year. The historical method requires relatively simple data and is easy to operate, so the free quota allocation of each pilot is mainly based on the historical emission or historical intensity method. However, the historical method assumes that companies' carbon emissions will continue in the same way as in the past, which ignores two factors:

The first is the actions taken by companies to reduce emissions before the carbon market began

Second, after the start of the carbon market, enterprises may change their behaviors under the influence of the market mechanism to further reduce emissions

Therefore, the historical law may "whip the fast cow", which is not conducive to encouraging enterprises to develop and introduce energy-saving and emission reduction technologies in the future.

2. Historical intensity method:

Based on the historical carbon emissions of enterprises, the quota is multiplied by a number of adjustment factors, and factors such as early emission reduction incentive, emission reduction potential, encouragement of clean technology, and industry growth trend are taken into account, which can make up for the shortcomings of the historical method to a certain extent.

3. Base line method:

Based on the principle of "best practice", the carbon emission per unit product of the same product of different enterprises (facilities) is ranked from small to large, and the top 10% (not fixed, can also choose 30% or industry average) is chosen as the baseline.