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央視網(wǎng)消息（焦點(diǎn)訪談）：碳達(dá)峰、碳中和，也就是人們常說的“雙碳”，現(xiàn)在是社會(huì)上大家比較關(guān)注的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)。對(duì)于世界來(lái)說，“雙碳”關(guān)系到我們的大國(guó)責(zé)任、大國(guó)擔(dān)當(dāng)；對(duì)于國(guó)內(nèi)來(lái)講，“雙碳”關(guān)系到可持續(xù)發(fā)展、高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。中國(guó)要踐行承諾，力爭(zhēng)2030年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、2060年前實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和這一目標(biāo)并不容易。習(xí)近平總書記在今年4月出席領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人氣候峰會(huì)時(shí)指出：“中國(guó)承諾實(shí)現(xiàn)從碳達(dá)峰到碳中和的時(shí)間，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)短于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家所用時(shí)間，需要中方付出艱苦努力?！睘榇?，國(guó)家也正在出臺(tái)各種舉措，拿出具體辦法。這其中，開展碳交易就是重要措施之一。
CCTV news (focus interview) : Carbon peak, carbon neutrality, also known as "double carbon", is now a hot topic of concern in the society.For the world, "double carbon" bears on our responsibility as a major country.For China, "dual carbon" is related to sustainable and high-quality development. It will not be easy for China to fulfill its commitment to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and become carbon neutral by 2060.At the Leaders' Climate Summit in April this year, Xi Jinping pointed out that "the time China has pledged to go from carbon peak to carbon neutral is much shorter than that of developed countries, which requires strenuous efforts from China." To this end, the state is also introducing various measures to come up with specific measures.Among them, carbon trading is one of the important measures.
On July 16 this year, the national carbon emission trading market officially came into operation on the basis of the previous seven pilot cities and provinces.Because thermal power enterprises mainly use coal and natural gas to generate electricity, they are the industry with the largest carbon emissions in China.As a result, 2,162 thermal power plants were included in the first batch of the national carbon market.
On August 23, Zhang Bo, a senior engineer in charge of carbon assets at The Central China Branch of China Resources Power co., LTD., registered an online account in the hubei Carbon Emission Trading Center on behalf of the enterprise. Registration, registration, account opening, Zhang Bo busy these things are for the next enterprise to carry out carbon emissions trading preparation.So what exactly do carbon permits mean? It starts with what carbon emissions are.Carbon emissions refer to carbon dioxide emissions, which, along with methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases, are collectively known as greenhouse gases. They absorb solar radiation reflected from the earth's surface and warm the atmosphere, creating a "greenhouse" effect.
Carbon emission permits are actually permits, also known as quotas, issued by the state for enterprises to emit carbon dioxide.China's economy is large in size, and the proportion of industries with high energy consumption and high emissions is high. Although green transformation has been continuously promoted in recent years, how to achieve carbon reduction and emission reduction still faces great challenges. Granting carbon emission quota to relevant enterprises is of great significance for controlling carbon dioxide emission.
Issue carbon emission quota, also is carbon emission right, this is just a handle, how to make this handle play a greater role, this needs carbon emission right trading market.
Carbon quota trading is denominated in tons.The Yichang power plant, a subsidiary of China Resources Power In Central China, had a surplus of more than half a million tons this year. After opening a successful account, they tried their first deal, both to learn about the national market and to explore the way for future large-scale transactions.
Given that carbon allowances are issued to control companies' emissions of carbon dioxide, why can they be bought and sold among companies?
Before the 1990s, developed countries, which account for 20 percent of the world's population, were responsible for 70 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. With the continuous economic development and global climate change, all countries in the world are facing the challenge of carbon emission reduction.
As a responsible large developing country, China has taken an active part in carbon emission reduction in the international community in recent years. On the one hand, China has actively carried out scientific and technological innovation, industrial transformation and upgrading to achieve obvious emission reduction effects. At the same time, China has vigorously carried out energy transformation and clean energy utilization. In addition, China's forest area and forest stock increase continuously, and forest vegetation can effectively absorb carbon dioxide, so it also plays a good role in carbon sequestration.
In his speech at the UN General Assembly in September 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping said that China will increase its nationally determined contribution, strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. This is a solemn commitment China has made to the international community. In order to achieve this goal better and faster, the country has introduced a series of policy measures, among which carbon emission trading is a very important means.
At present, carbon emission quota is allocated free of charge. The allocation base value is determined by the government according to the relatively advanced carbon emission level of the industry in which an enterprise is located. The annual quota of an enterprise is multiplied by the base value of the actual output of the enterprise in that year. But at the same time, higher production means higher carbon emissions.Therefore, the carbon quota of enterprises with advanced technology and strong emission reduction capacity will produce surplus; On the contrary, the carbon quota of enterprises with backward technology and poor emission reduction ability will produce a gap.Moreover, as time goes on, the country sets more and more strict standards on the benchmark value, which means that each company will receive a lower quota each year.
How does the carbon emission trading system promote enterprises to reduce emissions, and how does it play the role of reducing total carbon emissions? Take China Resources Power (Yichang) Co., LTD., for example, as a medium-sized power plant put into operation in the first half of 2014, it will generate about 3 billion KWH of electricity in 2020, which can supply electricity for production and living of about 800,000 urban population.
In 2013, the pilot carbon emission trading market of Hubei Province was launched. According to the requirements, the carbon emission quota of enterprises in hubei province decreased year by year. China Resources Power (Yichang) Co., Ltd. began to be short of carbon emission quotas. From 2016 to 2018, it spent several million yuan to purchase quotas in the carbon market every year. In order to reduce the pressure of emission reduction and reduce the operating cost, China Resources Power (Yichang) Co., Ltd. has carried out a number of technical transformation, with a total investment of nearly 50 million yuan.
The long-term account of the power plant is as follows:In 2017, the power generation of the company is about 3 billion KWH, with a heating capacity of 4.2 million GIGajoules, using 1.41 million tons of coal and carbon dioxide emission of 2.85 million tons. In 2020, after the completion of a number of technical improvements, the power generation of the company is still 3 billion KWH, with a heating capacity of 5.83 million gigajoules, an increase of 1.63 million gigajoules, coal consumption of 1.34 million tons, and coal consumption reduced by 70,000 tons. Carbon dioxide emissions reached 2.66 million tons, 190,000 tons less than in 2017, realizing the decline in total carbon emissions.In the past, the company emitted 0.77 tons of carbon dioxide per 1,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity. Now it emits 0.58 tons of carbon dioxide, down 24 percent year-on-year and leading the industry.
On the one hand, it is driven by policy, on the other hand, it is driven by the market. Both policy and market measures will promote enterprises to continuously save energy and increase efficiency, and realize high-quality and low-carbon development. This is exactly the significance of establishing the carbon emission trading system. On September 13, the closing price of carbon emission quota in the national carbon market was 45.62 yuan/ton, up 3.68% from the previous day. As of September 13, the cumulative trading volume of carbon emission quota exceeded 8.44 million tons. With the gradual tightening of the quota, the rising of the transaction price is the general trend, which will face increasing cost pressure for the enterprises with backward technology, high emissions and quota gap, but for the enterprises with advanced technology, low emissions and quota surplus, it is a great boon.
Although carbon trading has just started formally, it has already produced a demonstration effect by relying on policy guidance and market operation. However, achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality is a broad and profound systemic economic and social change, and we need to integrate it into the overall plan of ecological progress. Now, many places are taking active actions to treat "double carbon" as a priority.However, in the process of pushing forward, some deviations occurred in some places, exposing some problems. In response, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting on July 30, stressed that the country should stick to a chess game, correct the campaign style of "carbon reduction", and resolutely curb the blind development of the "two high energy consumption" projects.Only by laying a solid foundation and making progress step by step while maintaining stability can carbon reduction achieve results, and the "dual carbon" target be achieved with high quality.
Editor: Junjun. eia Internet
Source: CCTV.com
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