安裝太陽(yáng)能光伏設(shè)備需要什么條件？屋頂分布式光伏系統(tǒng)安不安全？會(huì)不會(huì)有違建風(fēng)險(xiǎn)？安裝一套太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電設(shè)備需要投入多少？初始投資那么貴，三五萬(wàn)元都可以用十多年電費(fèi)了，會(huì)不會(huì)虧本呢？下面隨小編一起學(xué)習(xí)一下吧。

一、太陽(yáng)能光伏設(shè)備由哪些部件組成？
    整套設(shè)備由太陽(yáng)能電池組件、支架系統(tǒng)、逆變器、電氣配電系統(tǒng)等組成，1到3天可以完成設(shè)備的安裝、調(diào)試，無(wú)需對(duì)家庭原有線路做任何的改動(dòng)，即可正常使用25年左右。
二、安裝太陽(yáng)能光伏設(shè)備需要什么條件？
    只要您家具備一定面積無(wú)遮擋的平面、斜坡或外墻面條件，均可以申請(qǐng)安裝，不破壞屋頂和防水。
三、屋頂分布式光伏系統(tǒng)安不安全？會(huì)不會(huì)有違建風(fēng)險(xiǎn)？
    目前分布式光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)發(fā)展好幾年了，已經(jīng)有了非常成熟的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。設(shè)計(jì)及技術(shù)上也是非常安全合理的，不用改造房屋，可以根據(jù)不同的建筑物環(huán)境來設(shè)計(jì)安裝方案。不僅是自建房常見的混凝土屋頂，別墅的琉璃瓦斜屋頂，還是工廠屋頂?shù)牟输撏呶蓓敚际强梢岳媒ㄔO(shè)分布式光伏的。對(duì)于建筑物上發(fā)展分布式光伏，國(guó)家是大力支持的，出臺(tái)了各類的支持文件，沒有違建風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。電網(wǎng)公司在并網(wǎng)驗(yàn)收方面也是鼓勵(lì)支持，分布式光伏只要建好了就可以和電網(wǎng)公司公司申請(qǐng)并網(wǎng)，沒有指標(biāo)限制。
四、安裝一套太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電設(shè)備需要投入多少？
    根據(jù)安裝功率，基本型目前每千瓦安裝費(fèi)用為一萬(wàn)元左右，一般別墅家用太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電設(shè)備功率在5至8千瓦范圍，全部投入在6到10萬(wàn)元。一般農(nóng)村家用太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電設(shè)備功率在3至5千瓦范圍，全部投入在3到5萬(wàn)元。(實(shí)際價(jià)格根據(jù)工程實(shí)際情況有所調(diào)整)。
五、初始投資那么貴，三五萬(wàn)元都可以用十多年電費(fèi)了，會(huì)虧本嗎？
    光伏發(fā)電的收益不僅僅是節(jié)省電費(fèi)收益這一項(xiàng)，還有國(guó)家補(bǔ)貼，部分還有地方補(bǔ)貼。根據(jù)自發(fā)自用余電上網(wǎng)的模式，光伏發(fā)電總收益=節(jié)省電費(fèi)開支+多余賣電收益+國(guó)家補(bǔ)貼+地方補(bǔ)貼。這樣算下來，全國(guó)大部分地區(qū)5-8年就能收回成本了，帶來25年穩(wěn)定的現(xiàn)金流，光伏發(fā)電的收益率還是不錯(cuò)的。關(guān)于光伏發(fā)電的成本問題，一套優(yōu)質(zhì)的光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，主要材料占系統(tǒng)總價(jià)70%，安裝費(fèi)占10%，剩余的部分為支持企業(yè)正常運(yùn)營(yíng)的費(fèi)用。針對(duì)于農(nóng)村用戶，國(guó)家已經(jīng)出臺(tái)了陽(yáng)光貸款服務(wù)，更有光伏扶貧政策，未來不遠(yuǎn)我們每家每戶都能裝得起光伏發(fā)電了。
六、壽命太低了，而且后期維護(hù)費(fèi)事費(fèi)力。萬(wàn)一遇到什么災(zāi)害，就賠本了？
    一套光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)可正常發(fā)電25年以上，如果在嚴(yán)格選擇合格的產(chǎn)品，優(yōu)質(zhì)的系統(tǒng)集成商可以基本保證后期沒有額外的維修費(fèi)用。大部分品牌企業(yè)均對(duì)生產(chǎn)的光伏組件提供有限發(fā)電質(zhì)保，20年發(fā)電衰減不會(huì)超過標(biāo)稱功率的20%。關(guān)于這個(gè)抵抗自然災(zāi)害的能力，今年珠三角過境14級(jí)史上最強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)，竟沒有一個(gè)電站出問題，都運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)。事實(shí)證明，按照科學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)方案建設(shè)，光伏電站抵抗自然災(zāi)害能力是沒問題的。
七、 如何看待有報(bào)道說“生產(chǎn)光伏電池組件時(shí)消耗大量能源”的消息？
    光伏電池在生產(chǎn)過程中確實(shí)要消耗一定的能量，其中工業(yè)硅提純、高純多晶硅生產(chǎn)、單晶硅棒/多晶硅錠生產(chǎn)三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的能耗較高。但是光伏電池在20年的使用壽命期內(nèi)能夠不斷產(chǎn)生能量。據(jù)測(cè)算，在我國(guó)平均日照條件下，光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)全壽命周期內(nèi)能量回報(bào)超過其能源消耗的15倍以上。在北京以最佳傾角安裝的1千瓦屋頂光伏并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的能量回收期為1.5-2年，遠(yuǎn)低于光伏系統(tǒng)的使用壽命期。也就是說，該光伏系統(tǒng)前1.5-2年發(fā)出的電量是用來抵消其生產(chǎn)等過程消耗的能量，1.5-2年之后發(fā)出的能量都是純產(chǎn)出的能量。所以，應(yīng)該從全生命周期的角度評(píng)價(jià)光伏電池的能耗。
八、我們有多少太陽(yáng)光可以利用？它能夠成為未來主導(dǎo)能源嗎？

    地球表面接受的太陽(yáng)能輻射能夠滿足全球能源需求的1萬(wàn)倍。地表每平方米平均每年接收到的輻射大約在1000-2000kWh之間。國(guó)際能源署數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在全球4%的沙漠上安裝光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，就足以滿足全球能源需求。光伏發(fā)電具有廣闊的發(fā)展空間(屋頂、建筑面、空地和沙漠等)，潛力十分巨大。

What are the requirements for installing solar photovoltaic equipment?Is the rooftop distributed PV system safe? Will there be risk of unauthorized construction?How much does it cost to install a set of solar photovoltaic power generation equipment? Initial investment is so expensive, 30 to 50 thousand yuan can use electricity for more than 10 years, can you lose money?Let's study together with xiaobian.

A, solar photovoltaic equipment by what components?

The whole equipment is composed of solar cell modules, bracket system, inverter, electrical distribution system, etc. It can complete the installation and debugging of the equipment in 1 to 3 days, without any changes to the original family lines, and can be used normally for about 25 years.

Two, what conditions do you need to install solar photovoltaic equipment?

As long as your home has a certain area without shelter plane, slope or external wall conditions, can apply for installation, do not destroy the roof and waterproof.

Three, the roof distributed photovoltaic system is not safe?Will there be risk of unauthorized construction?

At present, distributed photovoltaic power generation system has been developed for several years and has very mature market experience.Design and technology is also very safe and reasonable, do not need to transform the house, can be based on different building environment to design the installation scheme. Not only the common concrete roof of self-built houses, the glazed tile roof of villas, or the colored steel tile roof of factory roofs, can be used to build distributed photovoltaic.For the development of distributed photovoltaic on buildings, the state is strongly support, issued all kinds of supporting documents, there is no risk of unauthorized construction. Grid companies in the grid acceptance is also encouraged to support, as long as the distributed photovoltaic is built, and the grid company can apply for grid, there is no index limit.

Four, install a set of solar photovoltaic power generation equipment need to invest how much?

According to the installation power, the basic type of the current installation cost per kilowatt of about ten thousand yuan, general villa household solar photovoltaic power equipment in the range of 5 to 8 kilowatts, all invested in 60 to 100 thousand yuan. General rural household solar photovoltaic power generation equipment in the range of 3 to 5 kw, all input in 30 to 50 thousand yuan.(The actual price is adjusted according to the actual situation of the project).

Five, the initial investment is so expensive, thirty or fifty thousand yuan can be used for more than ten years of electricity, will you lose money?

The benefits of photovoltaic power generation are not only the savings in electricity revenue, but also national subsidies and partial local subsidies. According to the mode of self-use surplus electricity to go online, the total revenue of photovoltaic power generation = saving electricity expenses + excess revenue from electricity sales + national subsidies + local subsidies. In this way, most parts of the country can recoup their costs in 5-8 years, bringing stable cash flow for 25 years, and the yield of photovoltaic power generation is still good. As for the cost of photovoltaic power generation, for a high-quality photovoltaic power generation system, the main materials account for 70% of the total price of the system, the installation cost accounts for 10%, and the rest is the cost to support the normal operation of the enterprise. For rural users, the country has introduced sunshine loan services, and photovoltaic poverty alleviation policies. In the near future, every household will be able to afford photovoltaic power generation.

Six, the life is too low, and late maintenance is laborious.In case of some disaster, you lose your money?

A set of photovoltaic power generation system can normally generate power for more than 25 years. If qualified products are strictly selected, high-quality system integrators can basically ensure that there is no additional maintenance costs in the later period. Most of the brands provide a limited power generation warranty for their pv modules, and the power generation attenuation will not exceed 20% of the nominal power in 20 years. As for the ability to resist natural disasters, this year the Pearl River Delta passed through the strongest typhoon in the history of level 14, but not a single power station went wrong and all operated smoothly. It has been proved that the ability of photovoltaic power stations to withstand natural disasters is no problem when constructed according to scientific design schemes.

Vii. How do you view the news that "producing photovoltaic cell modules consumes a lot of energy"?

Photovoltaic cells do consume a certain amount of energy in the production process, among which industrial silicon purification, high purity polysilicon production, monocrystalline silicon rod/polysilicon ingot production three links of high energy consumption. But photovoltaic cells continue to produce energy over their 20-year life.According to estimates, under the average sunshine conditions in China, the energy return of the photovoltaic power generation system during its whole life cycle exceeds its energy consumption by more than 15 times. The energy recovery period of the 1kW rooftop pv grid-connected system installed at the optimal inclination Angle in Beijing is 1.5-2 years, which is far less than the service life of the pv system.In other words, the energy generated by the pv system for the first 1.5 to 2 years is used to offset the energy consumed by the production process, and the energy generated after 1.5 to 2 years is pure energy produced. Therefore, the energy consumption of photovoltaic cells should be evaluated from the perspective of the whole life cycle.

Eight. How much sunlight can we use?Could it be the dominant energy source of the future?

The earth's surface receives 10, 000 times as much solar radiation as the world needs for energy.The average radiation received per square metre of the surface per year is about 1000-2000kwh. Installing photovoltaic systems on 4% of the world's deserts would be enough to meet global energy demand, according to the International Energy Agency. Photovoltaic power generation has a vast development space (roof, building surface, open space and desert, etc.), the potential is huge.